Lapu-Lapu is regarded, retroactively, as the first Filipino hero. If you want to experience or learn about the history of the island of Mactan, The Mactan Shrine would be the place for you. Wounded in an encounter with the soldiers of Lapu-lapu, Chief of Mactan Island. From Manila, you can take a flight going to Cebu. The defeat and death of Magellan is a humiliation in the part of Spain. The Text Widget allows you to add text or HTML to your sidebar. This special event in the Philippine history is being marked by Mactan Shrine, also known as Lapu-Lapu Shrine. Apparently, the mishandling of the missile usage caused the then-approaching defeat of the Europeans. Nang sumunod na araw, inutos ni Magellan na iangkla ang kanilang mga barko sa mga baybayin ng Kapuluang Homonhon. "FERDINAND MAGELLAN"S DEATH" on this spot Ferdinand Magellan died on April 27, 1521. Lapu-Lapu: Legacy and untold stories In honor of Lapu-Lapu’s victory, a 20-meter brass statue was erected on Mactan island, and the town of … With the help of a local Muslim merchant who acted as Magellan’s interpreter, Magellan admonished Lapu-Lapu to surrender, yet the latter was still formidably defiant. Comparing with Europeans’ sturdy war paraphernalia, the native warrior’s spirit remained tenacious. It did and the rest is history and myth. The Mactan Shrine in Punta Engaño, Mactan Island, Cebu, Philippine was where the battle between the Portuguese explorer Ferdinand Magellan and Mactan Island chieftain Lapu-Lapu happened. Mactan is a small but progressing island. Oral history states that Datu of Mactan decided to return to Borneo where he lived out the rest of his days with his children and wives. Ayon kay Antonio Pigafetta, tinangka ni Magellan na hikayatin si Lapulapu na sumunod sa mga kautusan ni Raha Humabon sa gabi bago ang labanan. Being a significant place, Cebu government made this place special by establishing a park and erecting facilities and memorial items including Lapu-Lapu's statue and Magellan's arch. From the airport, it would take approximately 10-15 minutes to get to the shrine. One cannot separate the relevance of the Battle of Mactan from the Mactan Shrine or the significance of the latter from the former in as far as the parallel historical connotation of both is concerned. Lapu-Lapu: the First Filipino Hero. Cebu City, Philippines." The place where Lapu-Lapu and his men triumphed over the Spanish invaders on April 27, 1521 has been turned into a shrine. Mactan Shrine Lapu Lapu In 1521, the Spaniards, led by Ferdinand Magellan,arrived in the Philippines for a quest of exploration and gaining more colonies. Mactan Shrine hosts “Kadaugan sa Mactan”, a re-enactment of the heroic Battle of Mactan every year during the battle’s anniversary. Beyond the typical exterior of the Mactan Shrine park, where both public and private transportation traverse forming part of the daily grind of Punta Engaño, Lapu-Lapu City lies the hallow ground, where one fateful day a long time ago, a fierce battle was fought in the name of freedom and … It is free for anyone who wishes to visit. They first landed in the island of Leyte where they had received a warm welcome from local Filipino leaders there. It’s said to be the location where the Battle of Mactan. However, the fired weapons seemed to have a little effect as there was only a recorded of eight Europeans who were killed in the entire course of the battle. The wasteful firing of the missiles held up the upper-hand position of the Europeans for but half an hour only, after which, Lapu-Lapu countered Magellan’s missiles by launching a barrage of bows and poisoned arrows, even with some stones. This friendship later ensured allegiance and submission of the nearby local chieftains to the Spanish crown, except for one local chieftain in Mactan Island named Datu Lapu-Lapu. Iniulat ni Pigafetta na nagpadala ng mensahe si Humabon na kung ibabalik ng mga mandirigma ang mga katawan ni Magellan at mga tripulante nito, sila ay bibigyan ng kasing daming kalakal na naisin nila. Dahil sa impluwensiya ni Magellan kay Raha Humabon, ang isang kautusan ay inutos ni Humabon para sa mga kalapit na hepe na ang bawat isa sa kanila ay magbibigay ng mga suplay ng pagkain sa mga barko at pagkatapos ay magkokonberte sa Kristiyanismo. Despite the seemingly invincible front of the invaders, the local warriors’ spirit remained intact. How to get there – Lapu-Lapu Monuments. Today Mactan Shrine is also a popular tourist spot. The Mactan Shrine is encapsulated in a public park dotted with trees and a variety of tropical floras that accommodates family picnics, outings, lovers’ rendezvous, and sightseeing destination for those curious souls who want to remember the enormity of distant past. Therefore, to uphold his vow, on April 26, 1521, he purposed to send one of his sons to bring two live goats as presents to Magellan as a sign of his loyalty and thus, to fulfill his promise of allegiance; however, this action was preempted by Datu Lapu-Lapu and barred Datu Zula from taking such an action. It is a beautiful piece of history and a wonderfully maintained "park" The grounds are small, but gorgeous. Datu Zula, unable to send his presents because of Lapu-Lapu’s intervention, bid Magellan to send a boatload of men so he could fight Lapu-Lapu. Cebu is known as home of the best guitar craftsmen in the . You can use a text widget to display text, links, images, HTML, or a combination of these. Benefits Get rewarded for your stays at MÓ§venpick Hotels & Resorts with exclusive benefits when you book direct. Pagkatapos ay tinangka ni Magellan na takutin ang mga ito sa pamamagitan ng pagsunog ng ilang mga kabahayan sa ngayong Buaya ngunit kilala noon na Bulaia. Ang Labanan sa Mactan (Sebwano: Gubat sa Mactan) ay naganap sa Pilipinas noong 27 Abril 1521. Doon ay kinaibigan niya sina Raha Kulambu at Raha Siagu na pinuno ng Limasawa na gumabay sa kanya sa Cebu. It is said to mark the spot where he died during the Battle of Mactan. The shrine has three prominent monuments Si Magellan ay hinalinhan ni Juan Sebastián Elcano bilang komander ng ekspedisyon na nag-utos ng mabilis na paglisan matapos ang pagtataksil ni Humabon. The battle was orchestrated in a manner that Lapu-Lapu’s warriors grouped themselves into three, while Magellan divided his troops into two. It is dedicated in honor of Lapu-Lapu for his bravery and Magellan as well as their “Battle of Mactan.” It is a place which is suitable for educational tours and lots of tourists come and go to visit this place due to its rich historical value plus no entrance fee. A few weeks after, Magellan and his crew proceeded with their journey and reached the Island of Cebu, on April 7, 1521, which, at that time was under the kingship of Rajah Humabon. ( Log Out /  The Mactan Shrine is located in Punta Engaño, Mactan Island, Cebu. Part 4 of the Bluewater Maribago Beach Resort & Spa-sponsored City Tour. Mactan Shrine The Mactan Shrine, located on Mactan Island, just of the coast from Cebu City, is a must-see for everyone interested in Filipino history. The Mactan shrine commemorated the defeat of Magellan by the Philippine king Lapu-Lapu. Located in Barangay Mactan, Lapu-Lapu City, this has been one of the major tourist spots on the island who wants to take in a little breath of the island’s history. The Battle of Mactan (Cebuano: Gubat sa Mactan; Filipino: Labanan sa Mactan; Spanish: Batalla de Mactán) was fought in the Philippines on 27 April 1521, prior to Spanish colonization. So before you visit elsewhere, don’t forget to drop by its historical site, the Mactan Shrine. Lapu-Lapu was the native chieftain of Mactan Island, and he resisted the efforts of Magellan to subdue his people and to be converted to Christianity and to be subjected to the throne of Spain. Tourist visits the place to see the famous site of the "Battle of Mactan". Some of his men disapproved his decision of joining the invasion, but Magellan did not pay heed. The shrine sits along the boundaries of the villages of Punta Engaño and Mactan in Lapu-Lapu City on the island of Mactan. Nagawa nina Pigafetta at iba pa na makatakas. As their fury mounted, they showered more poisoned arrows, which acutely hit Magellan in the legs. Philippines. Mula sa Wikipedia, ang malayang ensiklopedya, Panahong Kontemporanyo (1946–kasalukuyan), https://tl.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Labanan_sa_Mactan&oldid=1755471, Lisensyang Creative Commons Attribution/Share-Alike. According to Pigafetta’s journal, there were only a total of eight deaths, and a large number of unspecified wounded in the part of the Europeans, while, he accounted fifteen killed and an unspecified number of fatalities in the side of Lapu-Lapu. Mactan Island is more than just the site of Cebu’s best beach resorts. The statue of Lapu-lapu, the chieftain of Mactan who killed Ferdinand Magellan in a battle dubbed as the "Battle of Mactan. There is an annual commemoration for the Battle of Mactan in Punta Engano in Lapu -Lapu City, this is also the location where you can find the Liberty Shrine and one of Cebu’s tourism landmark – the Statue of Datu Lapu-Lapu. Photo Credits: https://www.booking.com The Mactan Shrine or Lapu-Lapu Shrine is a 20 meters (66 ft.) bronze statue in Punta Engaño, Lapu-Lapu City,… It has a story to share. You can also rent a taxi or a cab from the Mactan International Airport to the Lapu Lapu Shrine. Ayon kay Pigafetta, ang ilan sa mga tauhan ni Magellan ay napatay sa labanan at ang ilang mga katutubong naging Kristiyano na tumulong sa kanila ay napatay ng mga mandirigma ni Lapulapu. It also holds a piece of history, commemorated in a shrine dedicated to the island’s first hero, Datu Lapu Lapu. Upang alalahanin ang pangyayaring ito, ibinigay ni Magellan kay Juana ang Santo Niño bilang tanda ng bagong alyansa. The festival of Kadaugan sa Mactan, celebrated in the month of April, pays tribute to the Cebuano history and culture, which dates back to Magellan’s defeat by Lapu-Lapu in Mactan Shrine. Many centuries have passed, the very first act of nationalism to defy foreign rule still remained in the hearts of the Filipinos, and as a commemoration to this gallant act, in the very place where the historical Battle of Mactan was instigated was erected a shrine in memory of the greatness of the early Filipinos led by Datu Lapu-Lapu. To honor the brave and heroic feat of Lapu-Lapu and his warriors against the foreign invaders led by Magellan, the local government of Lapu-Lapu City launched the ‘Kadaugan sa Mactan’ in 1981, and has since then became an annual festival. Ang mga kaibigan ni Magellan na sina Raha Humabon at Datu Zula ay hindi sumali sa labanan dahil sa kautusan ni Magellan at nanood sila mula sa malayo. This provocative act by Lapu-Lapu further deepened the rift between the two Mactan rulers. As the Battle of Mactan planted the very first seed of nationalism and autonomy along the then [perhaps] jagged coast of Mactan Island, the Mactan Shrine, in turn opines this gallant crusade, embracing fervently the memories of the perilous adventure in the dim and distant past. Itinuturing siya bilang pinakaunang bayaning Pilipino. Fill in your details below or click an icon to log in: You are commenting using your WordPress.com account. Ang Labanan sa Mactan (Sebwano: Gubat sa Mactan) ay naganap sa Pilipinas noong 27 Abril 1521. In fact, Magellan and some of his men had to paddle ‘three crossbow flights’ just to reach the coastline. More notably, Lapu-Lapu is now remembered as the first Filipino hero. Thus in 1866, the Mactan Shrine was erected on Barangay Punta Engaño, believed to be the site of the battle, to commemorate the Filipinos’ first act of resistance towards remote control. It is to be noted that in Mactan Island, there were two local chieftains leading two different tribes. Natalo ng hukbo ni Lapulapu, datu ng Pulo ng Mactan, ang mga kawal na Kastila sa pamumuno ng Portuges na kapitan at eksplorador na si Fernando Magallanes. Si Elcano at kanyang armada ay naglayag pakanluran at bumalik sa Espanya noong 1522 na bumubuo sa paglibot ng daigdig. ( Log Out /  Cebu Mactan Shrine is located in the northern side of Mactan Island and is fifteen minutes away from the Cebu-Mactan International Airport.This shrine is said to be the landmark where the first battle of Mactan was held. Lapu Lapu Shrine is easily accessible since there is an international airport on the island. The event is now famously referred to as the Battle of Mactan. Fernão de Magalhães) a Portuguese explorer and conquistador commissioned by Spain made his first landing in the Philippines via Homonhon Island, in Guiuan, Eastern Samar, where he openly claimed a portion of the Philippine archipelago, specifically the ones he had seen as part of the possessions of the King of Spain and as such, named them ‘Islas de San Lazaro’ or ‘Archipelago of Saint Lazarus’. The Mactan Shrine located in Mactan Island, Cebu is dedicated in honor of Lapu-Lapu, Ferdinand Magellan, and the Battle of Mactan. Armed with warfare and battle strategies far more advanced than that of the natives’, not to mention the impenetrable battle outfits which seemed invincible, they were still at leverage. That battle was then centuries later dubbed as the ‘Battle of Mactan’. In Magellan’s attempt to distract the local warriors, he ordered two of his men to burn the huts of the natives, which fueled the native warriors’ rage even more. The Shrine is located northeast of the island along National Highway Punta Engano in Lapu Lapu City, Cebu. Ang tugon ni Lapulapu ay, "Hindi namin ibibigay ang katawan ng kapitan para sa lahat ng mga kayamanan ng daigdig dahil ang kanyang katawan ay tropeo ng aming pagwawagi laban sa mga mananakop ng aming baybayin". Lapu-Lapu’s men attacked the two groups of Magellan around and in front, while Magellan, on the other hand, instructed his men to engage the local fighters with arquebuses and crossbows, and consequently backed with the firing of missiles. Within the square are souvenir shops, refreshment stalls, and a four-sided obelisk engraved with the names of Hernando de Magallanes (Ferdinand Magellan), as well as Reinando Ysabel II and the words ‘Glorias Españolas’ and ‘Siendo Gobernador Don Miguel Creus’ on each facet. Three hours before dawn, on April 27, 1521, Magellan and his troops landed on the sleeping coast of Mactan Island. The site has cultural and historical value. Ayon kay Pigafetta, si Magellan ay nagpakilos ng mga 49 katao na may mga espada, kalasag, pana, at mga baril at naglayag para sa Mactan sa umaga ng ika-28 ng Abril, 1521. The Mactan Shrine located in Mactan Island, Cebu is dedicated in honor of Lapu-Lapu, Ferdinand Magellan, and the Battle of Mactan. ( Log Out /  A Collection of Anecdotes and Journals borne out of Imagination, Research, and Real-life Experiences. Magellan was auspicious in befriending the local chieftain, and in fact, was as well equally successful in converting the royal family, their kin, and some less than 1000 natives to Christianity. DATU LAPU LAPU IN BRONZE. The Battle of Mactan: The Fight that Started It All. Learn about this important facet of Philippines history for a … Napanaigan ng mga mandirigma ni Lapulapu si Magellan na sinaksak at tinaga ng mga sibat at espada. Mactan Shrine: Depicting the History of Filipinos' Bravery. Mactan Shrine or Lapu-Lapu Shrine is broze statue of Lapu-Lapu. 49 Kastilang manggagalugad, at mga 200–300 alyadong katutubong mandirigma. Cebu Lapu-Lapu Statue & Mactan Shrine. LAPU-LAPU'S SHRINE RENOVATED With the upcoming celebration of Kadaugan Festival in Mactan (Victory in Mactan) on April 27, 2019 that commemorates the victory of Lapu-Lapu over the Spanish army of Magellan, the city mayor of Lapu-Lapu City made some renovations to improve the park. The Mactan Shrine, or the Lapu-Lapu Shrine, is a 20-metre bronze statue of the native leader, Lapu-Lapu, who was the one who defeated the Spanish soldiers and killed the Portuguese explorer Ferdinand Magellan back in 1521. Mactan Island is something other than the site of Cebu’s best beach resorts. Mactan Shrine was built to commemorate the Battle of Mactan where Lapu-Lapu, the first Filipino hero, was able to defeat the Spanish invaders led by Ferdinand Magellan. It was not clear though if it was a lucky hit on the part of the native warriors or it was a contemplated shot that aimed on the exposed legs of their opponents. It also holds a piece of history, commemorated in a shrine dedicated to the island’s first hero, Datu Lapu Lapu. Ang ilan sa mga kawal na nakaligtas sa labanan at bumalik sa Cebu ay nilason sa pistang ibinigay ni Raha Humabon. This statue is located at Mactan. It additionally holds a bit of history, recognized in a sanctuary committed to the island’s first legend, Datu Lapu.At present, the statue of Lapu-Lapu is situated in an encased park at Punta Engaño in the island of Mactan in Lapu-Lapu City. Change ), You are commenting using your Facebook account. Mactan Shrine is one of the pride of the Mactan Island. Change ), You are commenting using your Twitter account. Si Lapulapu (aktibo noong 1521) ay isang Datu sa pulo ng Mactan sa Cebu, Pilipinas, na nakilala bilang pinakaunang katutubo ng kapuluan na lumaban sa mga taga-Europa.Siya rin ang dahilan ng pagkamatay ng manlalakbay na si Fernando Magallanes. The Battle of Mactan (Cebuano: Gubat sa Mactan; Filipino: Labanan sa Mactan; Spanish: Batalla de Mactán) was fought in the Philippines on 27 April 1521, prior to Spanish colonization. In this vantage, being under-numbered would mean a clear and easy defeat for Magellan and his men. 10:30 Alegre Guitars Factory. Most of his men were demoralized, and some fled away, leaving Magellan with only six or eight men to protect him. The Magellan Shrine is a large memorial tower erected in 1866 in honor of the Portuguese explorer Ferdinand Magellan on the Mactan Island of Cebu, the Philippines.The spot is believed to be the site where Magellan was killed in the 1521 Battle of Mactan. A few meters away towards the coast is where the 20-feet bronze statue of Datu Lapu-Lapu—the locus of the Shrine is situated. Mactan Shrine History The warriors of Lapu-Lapu, a native chieftain of Mactan Island, overpowered and defeated a Spanish force fighting for Rajah Humabon of Cebu, under the command of Ferdinand Magellan, who was killed in … This shrine is dedicated in honor of Lapu-Lapu (the Philippines’ first National Hero) and the Portuguese explorer Ferdinand Magellan and was erected on the supposed spot where the Battle of Mactan (April 27, 1521) took place. Beyond the typical exterior of the Mactan Shrine park, where both public and private transportation traverse forming part of the daily grind of Punta Engaño, Lapu-Lapu City lies the hallow ground, where one fateful day a long time ago, a fierce battle was fought in the name of freedom and love. Datu Zula, for his part accepted the friendship of Magellan, and hence, swore loyalty to the king of Spain. Noong 16 Marso 1521 (kalendaryong Kastila), natanaw ni Magellan ang mga kabundukan ng ngayon ay Samar habang nasa isang misyon upang hanapin ang pakanlurang ruta sa mga kapuluang Maluku para sa Espanya. Nakita ni Magellan ang oportunidad na palakasin ang umiiral na pakikipagkaibigang ugnayan sa pinuno ng rehiyong Bisaya at umayon na pasukuin ang mapanghimagsik na si Lapulapu. To ensure the safety of his remaining troops, Magellan with the (six or eight) eight remaining men, covered the retreating soldiers. Edit them in the Widget section of the, To honor the brave and heroic feat of Lapu-Lapu and his warriors against the foreign invaders led by Magellan, the local government of Lapu-Lapu City launched the, Fort San Pedro-A Reminder of Cebu’s Colorful Past, Mactan Shrine: The Symbol of the True Filipino Grit. Change ), This is a text widget. The Battle of Mactan is an armed struggle between the Spaniards led by the explorer named Ferdinand Magellan and the men who lived in Cebu led by Datu Lapu-Lapu. Beyond the typical exterior of the Mactan Shrine park, where both public and private transportation traverse forming part of the daily grind of Punta Engaño, Lapu-Lapu City lies the hallow ground, where one fateful day a long time ago, a fierce battle was fought in the name of freedom and love. One was Datu Zula—who pledged allegiance to Magellan, and thus, accepted the Spanish rule, and the other one was Datu Lapu-Lapu who vehemently resisted the idea. The ‘Kadaugan sa Mactan’ or ‘Bahugbahug sa Mactan’ is a week-long festival which commences with a street dancing, and culminates with the re-enactment of the Battle of Mactan at the Mactan Shrine every morning of April 27th, where the start of the dramatization depends greatly on the condition of the tide. Address: Punta Engaño, Lapu-Lapu City, Cebu. Tumangging tanggapin ni Lapulapu ang kapangyarihan ni Raha Humabon sa mga bagay na ito. Lapu-Lapu is the first Filipino to resist foreign invaders. That battle was then… Before it came to be what it is now. But it was not the case. ( Log Out /  The statue was erected to honor Rajah Lapu-Lapu, the native chieftain of Mactan Island who defeated Ferdinand Magellan during the historic Battle of Mactan in 1521. The government erected a statue in his honor in Mactan Island and renamed the town of Opon in Cebu to Lapu-Lapu City. With forty-nine men including himself, Magellan undertook a ‘suicidal’ attack against Lapu-Lapu’s approximately 1,500 men, based on the recorded chronicle of Antonio Pigafetta. Confident of their imminent victory, Magellan tagged along Rajah Humabon to witness the supposed looming European triumph. The premature attack did not happen right away, but Magellan and his men returned to their boats and had to postpone their plan of invasion until in the morning. On March 16, 1521, Ferdinand Magellan (a.k.a. Accordingly, the sea was brimming with rock and corals which hindered Magellan’s boats, especially the large ones from approaching the shore and the huge fleets from firing munitions as a support. Mactan Shrine. The Battle of Mactan, even if it was situated in the early years of Spanish invasion marks the start of an organized Filipino resistance against foreign aggression. The 20-foot bronze statue of Datu Lapu-Lapu which serves as the main point of interest of the Shrine. Ang karamihan sa mga hepeng ito ay sumunod dito ngunit si Datu Lapulapu na isa sa mga pangunahing hepe sa loob ng pulo ng Mactan ang tanging tumutol. Ang pagsunog na ito ang nagpagalit kay Lapulapu at kanyang mga mandirigma at sumalakay kay Magellan na nasugatan sa braso ng isang sibat at sa hita ng isang kampilan. Iminungkahi nina Raha Humabon at Datu Zula kay Magellan na pumunta sa pulo ng Mactan at pwersahin ang kanyang nasasakupan na si Datu Lapulapu na sumunod sa kanyang mga kautusan. Change ), You are commenting using your Google account. Mactan Park is a historical spot where the famous Battle of Mactan was fought between Lapu-Lapu and Ferdinand Magellan's forces. Magellan called for a withdrawal of troops. The Magellan Shrine pays tribute to Portuguese explorer Ferdinand Magellan, who was the first European to arrive in the Philippines. 09:30 Mactan Shrine and Lapu-lapu Monument. In front of the statue is the platform where the actual Battle took place. Natalo ng hukbo ni Lapulapu, datu ng Pulo ng Mactan, ang mga kawal na Kastila sa pamumuno ng Portuges na kapitan at eksplorador na si Fernando Magallanes.Napatay ng mga tribung sundalo si Magellan, na nagkaroon ng alitang pampolitika at pagkakaribal kasama si Lapulapu. Located on the northern side of Mactan Island is Mactan Shrine. Fort San Pedro-A Reminder of Cebu’s Colorful Past. Instead of one, Magellan nonetheless, sent three boatloads, with sixty of his men, himself included to personally lead the attack. Napatay ng mga tribung sundalo si Magellan, na nagkaroon ng alitang pampolitika at pagkakaribal kasama si Lapulapu. It serves as a monument to honor Lapu-Lapu and his fellowmen in defeating Magallanes and his Spanish crew.. 8. According to some historians, Magellan’s victory could be easily guaranteed if not for the terrain of the battleground. There is also a reenactment of the historic battle in Mactan beach. Walang opisyal na mga tala ng bilang ng mga namatay ngunit binanggit ni Pigafetta ang hindi bababa sa 3 Kristiyanong sundalo kabilang si Magellan. Lapu-lapu Monument in Mactan Shrine Distinctly, Mactan Shrine reminds bravery among Filipinos and clearly depicts the history of the Philippines specifically in the island of Mactan. 14 ang namatay, kabilang si Magellan (mga Kastila), at 'di bababa sa 150 katutubong mandirigma. Mactan Shrine was established to honor the first resistance against European colonization in South East Asia. The Lapu-Lapu Shrine is a 20-meter bronze statue located in the Mactan Shrine park in Punta Engaño, Mactan Island, Cebu. The Europeans were wearing ‘corselets and helmets’, and as a consequence, the fired missiles stood a little chance in puncturing their armors. Mactan Island is more than just the site of Cebu’s best beach resorts. Ang hari ng Cebu na si Raha Humabon at ang kanyang reyna ay binautismuhang Katoliko na kumukuha ng mga pangalang Carlos bilang parangal kay Haring Carlos ng Espanya at Juana bilang parangal sa ina ni Carlos.

Lead Terms Insurance, Story Of My Life Chords Social Distortion, Liquitex Basics 48 Tube Acrylic Paint Set, 22ml, Tag Heuer Watch Losing Time, Sanding Watch Crystal, What Does The Shaka Sign Mean, Legally Defensible Performance Appraisal System,